A Native American White Nationalist?

Anti-Fascist News has been engaging in some lazy investigative journalism about me; either that or they’re running a deliberate disinformation campaign. Given Antifa’s track record of cultish, conspiracy-theory behavior either or both could be true.

For the uniformed, Antifa is a network of Communists and anarcho-communists who are self proclaimed anti-racists and antifascists. While they hope to prevent the second coming of Adolf Hitler and Nazism, they tend to have a hard time finding actual fascists and spend a great deal of time policing leftwing political groups and movements where they attempt to expel anyone and everyone who doesn’t adopt their particular brand of anarcho-communism. The predictable results of their demands for ideological purity on the left are fractured political movements full of suspicion and paranoia. A very brief overview of the authoritarian left and it’s history will show you little but petty infighting, expulsions, fracturing and splintering which will leave you wondering to what degree their movements are run by Cointelpro. They are the McCarthyists of the left, checking under the bed for fascists and monitoring their supposed friends and allies for any signs that they don’t toe the line and agree with their narrow set of views.

Some things they had to say about me:

Among the various invitees for the (Cascadian Bioregional) conference was also Vince Rinehart, a tribal member of the Tlingit people and an editor with the National Anarchist website Attack the System. AtS is well known for allying with white nationalists and racialists, developing their own “pan-secessionist” ideology that calls for anarchists uniting with fascists to attack “the empire.” Keith Preston Keith Preston, the founder of the website, often speaks at neo-fascist conferences like the National Policy Institute. Rinehart himself supports a strong tribal nationalism, one where racial groups could get their own exclusive tribal communities.

And this:

Rinehart went on Jack Donovan’s podcast as well to defend himself, as well as to re-commit himself to solidarity with ethnic separatism.

This is a very typical Antifa characterization of Attack The Sytem’s views. Curious readers should read ATS’ Statement of Purpose and the core documents referenced therein if they would like to draw their own conclusions about what Attack the System is about. I’ll only say that we welcome a wide range of anti-system radicals and oppressed racial, ethnic, cultural and religious groups. We do not discriminate against any race, gender identity, or sexual orientation. For a more thorough debate between Keith Preston and Anti-Fascist News see here.

As to my own political views, I am an anarchist first and foremost, and if pressed to specify what sort of anarchist I would call myself a tribal anarchist (or perhaps “indigenous anarchist”). Much of what “tribal anarchism” means to me is laid out in my interpretation of what my tribe is: a decentralized network of autonomous kinship groups (clans) with a common language, culture, and ancestry. Essentially my tribe is a stateless nation; as are most indigenous tribes of North America. Within this stateless, decentralized network exists a legal and economic system that has served the interests of my tribe, the Tlingit, for hundreds if not thousands of years; as a friend from my tribe has said, a tribe or clan is a system of governance in and of itself. Antifa seems to object to this and to my connections with other tribal anarchists and attempts to caste me as an ethno-separatist or racial separatist. I do not espouse racial separatism; I imagine such an accusation would be laughable to those who know me. On that topic I have remained fairly consistent: if race does exist then it is a tribe that makes a race and not a race that makes a tribe. If Antifa and the radical left they claim to represent has an issue with indigenous tribalism then so be it. That just means they’re the next wave of cultural imperialism to come out of Europe.

I’m not the only Native American who doesn’t look to the European left for a moral and political compass. Russell Means was a Libertarian who rejected both Marxism and capitalism and endorsed US presidential candidates from Ralph Nader on the left to Ron Paul on the right. If I were the sort of person who voted I’d most certainly agree with his endorsements. Chase Iron Eyes had many interesting things to say about putting opposition to the military industrial complex and police state ahead of petty left/right squabbling when he explored the question of whether or not Natives should support the occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. Like myself at the time, he likely was unaware of the problematic history of white occupation of Paiute lands in the area. It even appears that he has taken down his article on the subject, but the spirit of what he said rings true to me at least. Additionally, members of my tribe include Clinton supporters, Trump supporters, religious conservatives, radical land defenders, indigenous radicals who defy categorization, gay rights supporters and detractors, corporate bureaucrats, government bureaucrats, conspiracy theorists; the full range of the political spectrum. For the most part we all get along and even come together to reaffirm our commitment to one another in tribal and clan unity. If we behaved like Antifa then we’d all be left standing alone.

All of this criticism I can take in the spirit of open debate. Except that in this case it’s coming from an organization with a history of physically assaulting men, women, feminists, other anti-racists and antifascists, and people within their own movement over small differences in ideology; differences that would be virtually unrecognizable to anyone outside of Antifa’s narrow political circle. Additionally, Antifa is down right wrong and/or lying when they have the following to say about me:

He later began going by Rinehart Wolf and openly calls himself Alt Right, is clear about his racialist politics, and is a virulent anti-Semite. He now does work with the white nationalist website Red Ice Radio where he talks about the “question of Jewish power” and interviews people like Alt Right troll Ricky Vaughn.

A few minutes of googling “Rinehart Wolf”, a person I’ve never heard of, and “Red Ice Radio”, a website and podcast I’ve only just now learned of from antifa, will lead you to Reinhard Wolff. Reinhard Wolff appears to be white. You can compare his profile picture to my picture on the front page of Attack the System or any of the photos that I’ve posted of myself over the years here at my site and see that he and I are clearly different people. Additionally, if I were to put an animal at the end of my last name it most certainly wouldn’t be “Wolf.” After all, yéil naxh xhat sitee. So either Antifa is:

  • too lazy to spend 3 minutes researching “Reinhard Wolff”,
  • too dumb to see that he and I are different people, or are
  • just reposting whatever their handlers are sending them in some sort of disinformation campaign.

So which is it, Antifa? I’m not really interested in your answer. Whatever the answer, you are fairly well discredited in my eyes. Your amateur attempts at discrediting me and my friends as well as your use of physical violence against your own people prove that your are small, hate-filled people. You are like a tribe of angry little dogs; loud and vaguely dangerous (if you’re the sort of person who is afraid of a weak bite when you’re back is turned). But mostly you’re just a nuisance, worthy of little more than a swat and a few harsh words. No doubt you’ll respond with more yapping lies and accusations; but I’ll shut you out just like I do the other minor inconveniences in my life.

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Tlingit & Haida Canoe at Sacred Stone Camp

The Tlingits have arrived! Doug Chilton and Deandre King brought the One Peoples Canoe Society canoe all the way to Standing Rock Reservation to support the water protectors resisting the Dakota Access Pipeline. Pacific Northwest and Alaskan tribes have a long history of resisting resource extraction industries which have threatened and in some cases wiped out entire salmon runs.

Video of the canoe arriving.

More great pictures of the canoes on the Missouri River here and here.

The Pacific Northwest came to the Northern Plains today, when canoes from Washington, Idaho, Oregon, Minnesota, and Alaska landed at the Camp of the Sacred Stones. They had come for two days down the Missouri River from Bismarck, and arrived at the Cannonball River on the northern boundary of the Standing Rock Reservation.
It was a powerful show of solidarity from tribes that have also been opposing Bakken oil trains, and highlighted that “Water is Life” from the Pacific Ocean to the Missouri River. 18 canoes participated, including Nisqually, Puyallup, Quinault, Chehalis/Colville, Kalispel, Warm Springs, Coeur d’Alene, Kootenai, and Tlingit-Haida.

ICTMN article on Doug Chilton and Deandre King’s trip down from Alaska with the canoe.

On September 8th in Portland, Oregon the Cowlitz Tribe and the NAYA Canoe Family took to the heavily polluted Willamette River in a show of solidarity for the water protectors at Standing Rock. Pictures below:

cowlitzcanoeportlandwaterfront.jpg

 

Posted in Decolonization, Environment, Sovereignty | Leave a comment

Erased By False Victory: Obama Hasn’t Stopped DAPL

Transformative Spaces

14067704_1246845795349461_128050987172044891_n #NoDAPL protesters gather for a boat action in Standing Rock on August 20. (Photo: Kelly Hayes)

All Native struggles in the United States are a struggle against erasure. The poisoning of our land, the theft of our children, the state violence committed against us — we are forced to not only live in opposition to these ills, but also to live in opposition to the fact that they are often erased from public view and public discourse, outside of Indian Country. The truth of our history and our struggle does not match the myth of American exceptionalism, and thus, we are frequently boxed out of the narrative.

The struggle at Standing Rock, North Dakota, has been no exception, with Water Protectors fighting tooth and nail for visibility, ever since the Sacred Stone prayer encampment began on April 1.

For months, major news outlets have ignored what’s become the largest convergence of Native…

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‘Don’t Let the Corporation Steal Our Land!’ Tlingit Elder Opposes Alaska Native Landless Bill

Frank Hopper’s article on opposition to the Alaska Native Lands Bill is a must read. Cited is public testimony given by Keiheenouk’, John Martin, Sr. of Hoonah, AK. The article is an excellent entry into the story of Alaska Natives’ long struggle with the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) and its far reaching consequences. Below is an excerpt.


ICTMN
by Frank Hopper

For much of the year the jet stream brings one rain system after another to Southeast Alaska, feeding the largest temperate rainforest in the world, the Tongass, ancestral home of the Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian Nations. Sitka Spruce trees shoot up 300 feet like skyscrapers above a diverse ecosystem of plant and animal life. For thousands of years the Native people lived in harmony with the forest, honoring and respecting it.

Then one day the Natives began mowing it down. During the 1980s the Natives clear-cut thousands of acres of old-growth rainforest in the Tongass, leaving behind only a hideous desert of stumps.

This was the result of an experiment in social engineering called the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act or ANCSA. Now Alaska Natives in five communities who were left out of the original 1971 settlement are petitioning Congress to include them. And at least one Tlingit elder is speaking out against it.

“I oppose S.872 as it is written. Our true Łingit people want culture and language. We oppose corporations. They are profit-making corporations and have nothing to do with traditional cultural values.”

Read the rest at ICTMN.

Posted in ANCSA, Decolonization, Environment, Frank Hopper, Village Resilience | 1 Comment

LaVoy Finicum’s message to Native Americans

In a video released the evening of his death, LaVoy Finicum, the man who was shot and killed on Tuesday in Harney County, addresses some concerns voiced by Natives regarding the occupation. In the video he voices his support for the establishment of independent, sovereign tribal nations. Finicum was a part of the armed occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.

“It is time to throw off the BIA, and become a completely sovereign independent nation without the overseer-ship of the BIA,” Finicum says. “It is time for them to stand up and throw off the federal government out of their nations.”

The occupation has been met with little local support, though a number of Harney County residents have voiced their own frustration with the federal government’s handling of land use in area. The Paiute Tribe has deeply criticized the occupation for claiming federal land that once belonged to the tribe. Quotes from Ammon Bundy are particularly ignorant. With regards to a Bundy family 2014 protest in Utah on federal land which included Native American sites he said “Native Americans had the claim to the land, but they lost that claim. There are things to learn from cultures of the past, but the current culture is the most important.” Additionally there’s this choice quote regarding the Malhuer Wildlife Refuge occupation:

“We won’t leave until these lands have been turned over to the their rightful owners, more than 100 ranchers and farmers used to work this land, which was taken illegally by the federal government.”

How do we reconcile Finicum’s message with the actions and words of the Bundy’s? Finicum’s outreach to the Paiute people is clumsy at best. Haven’t we all met non-Natives claiming Native ancestry? And Bundy’s dismissal of Native claims to the land cut deep. However, I’m hesitant to take the side of Federal government. I might even consider them potential allies. After all, calling for the establishment of “independent, sovereign nations” is my personal goal. How do we achieve that goal without breaking the federal government’s hold on this land?

Chase Iron Eyes said as much in a piece he wrote early into the standoff, Should Indians Support Armed Anti-Government Standoff in Oregon?

On the other hand, it is refreshing to see people committed to protecting the Constitution of the United States and expressing willingness to protect the rights of citizens of this country against the repressive state that imposes its will on Tribal Nations and citizens with its control of the departments used to expropriate & imprison the aforementioned. These people are willing to take up arms as many in the Tribal Nation community say they are willing to do.

If Native Americans and Tribal Nations look past the blatant racist double standard being applied to the armed militia and the racism of at least the Bundys of the Military (Cliven is a known racist) these are potential allies against the oppressive neo-liberal colonization machine. These armed militia-men are those who are protecting your rights as Americans, not necessarily those over-seas in U.S. Military uniform at the behest of the financial-military-industrial-complex and big oil.

Generally speaking, if we oppose rightwing protests to the oppressive system we live under, then we are allying ourselves with the left wing of the financial-military-industrial-complex known as the US government. Bundy’s occupation was a threat to the legitimacy of this system’s hold over American lands and people. His occupation came from a white, rightwing perspective, but are such people prohibited from criticizing and protesting the government in the same way that we Natives sometimes do?

While Finicum’s attempts to reach out to Native Americans were clunky and awkward, I can’t help but agree with him:

“It is time to throw off the BIA, and become a completely sovereign independent nation without the overseer-ship of the BIA. It is time for them to stand up and throw off the federal government out of their nations.”

Do we need a white guy to tell us that? No. But we do need allies where we can find them. There is a severe disconnect between the interests of the American people and the interests of the corporations, dynastic billionaires, and bureaucracies that control and use the US government to maintain their power. Should the federal government, the same that took our lands by force, count on Native support when it’s legitimacy is threatened? I hope not.

Posted in Decolonization, Resistance, Sovereignty | 1 Comment

The TPPA is a death sentence for Indigenous Rights

Originally posted on Te Wharepora Hou:Tangata whenua are strongly opposed to the signing of the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement which will be held in Auckland in February. The TPPA represents a significant and disruptive challenge to Maori. The New Zealand government has by-passed indigenous involvement at every level. This complete lack of consultation also…

http://shadesofsilence.org/2016/01/08/the-tppa-is-a-death-sentence-for-indigenous-rights/

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Burns Paiute Tribe Says Militia Must Leave Native Land

RED POWER MEDIA

 Burns Paiute Tribal Chairperson Charlotte Rodrique talks to reporters about the armed occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge near Burns, Ore., on Wednesday. Manuel Valdes/AP Burns Paiute Tribal Chairperson Charlotte Rodrique talks to reporters about the armed occupation of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge near Burns, Ore., on Wednesday.
Manuel Valdes/AP

By Red Power Media, Staff

Tribal council’s Sergeant-at-Arms says Bundy’s Militia not wanted 

The leader of an Native American tribe whose ancestral land is being occupied by a small, group of self-styled militiamen, opposed to federal land policy said the occupiers aren’t welcome and must leave.

The Burns Paiute tribe was the latest group to speak outagainst the armed men, who have taken several buildings at a wildlife refuge in Oregon, to protest policies governing the use of federal land in the West.

“The protesters have no right to this land. It belongs to the native people who live here,” tribal leader Charlotte Rodrique said.

Video: The leader of an Oregon Paiute Indian tribe joined the chorus of local residents calling for the armed militia camped out at a…

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Chase Iron Eyes: Should Indians Support Armed Anti-Government Standoff in Oregon?

Chase Iron Eyes has offered up some points and perspective on the armed take over of the Malheur Wildlife Refuge Headquarters in Oregon. Many of his points are similar to ones I made during the Nevada stand off in 2014.

Iron Eyes:

On the other hand, it is refreshing to see people committed to protecting the Constitution of the United States and expressing willingness to protect the rights of citizens of this country against the repressive state that imposes its will on Tribal Nations and citizens with its control of the departments used to expropriate & imprison the aforementioned. These people are willing to take up arms as many in the Tribal Nation community say they are willing to do.

If Native Americans and Tribal Nations look past the blatant racist double standard being applied to the armed militia and the racism of at least the Bundys of the Military (Cliven is a known racist) these are potential allies against the oppressive neo-liberal colonization machine. These armed militia-men are those who are protecting your rights as Americans, not necessarily those over-seas in U.S. Military uniform at the behest of the financial-military-industrial-complex and big oil.

Yes! We can play the “who’s more oppressed” game all day long, and completely forget the fact that there is a severe disconnect between the interests of the people of America (be they white, brown or black) and the interests of the “financial-military-industrial-complex and big oil.” This system used white settlers and ranchers as a useful tool to subjugate Indian Country, but the system has since moved on to become a global capitalist machine which has adapted Indian Policy to the Middle East, Central America, South America, Africa, Southeast Asia and any part of the globe that doesn’t bend to it’s will. As it expands it’s power globally it must crush any internal dissent against it’s legitimacy at home. These white settlers have essentially withdrawn their support from the system and refuse to recognize it’s legitimacy. This is a good thing for Native peoples.

The United States, as currently controlled by Too Big to Fail Banks & Finance Conglomerates, Too Big to Fail Oil, Gas, Carbon & ancillary business interests, and other Too Big to Fail Big Money Having Lobby Sects, is considered to already be a fascist state. An oligarchy moving in for the kill on the last freedoms of Constitution-defending Americans. This is tyranny. Those controlling the oligarchy have moved in on our privacy (Edward Snowden exposed that); they are moving in on Americans’ right to oppose the questionable policies of the American Government (the NDAA allows the President to arrest anyone suspected of “terrorism” without any due process protections or defining what terrorism is); they are moving in on Americans’ right to bear arms albeit justified by every school shooting; they have already moved in on Americans’ right to free speech, press and assembly by punishing anyone who calls for real action by inciting others to take action (inciting riots, etc.).

This is the state of affairs we find ourselves lumped into as Native Americans and Tribal Nations and we need as many allies as we can get. Even if the enemy of your enemy is your friend. At the very least prominent Native Americans and Tribal Nations should involve themselves in popular discourse. Can you imagine a completely legit, open-carry, armed, peaceful take-over of the Black Hills? That is in the imagination of many but while we ponder on our keyboards Steve and Dwight Hammond Jr. are set to go back to prison Jan. 4, 2016 for the same helpful controlled burn they already did prison time for.

Iron Eyes is demonstrating here that the United States is largely an enemy of the people, something that 1 out of 4 Americans recognize. Resistance to this neo-liberal system will look different coming from Native people than it does coming from conservative whites or liberal whites.

Just like the occupy movement you had Indians criticizing the name of the movement and refusing to support it online because these immigrant occupiers were not recognizing Indian title to the places they were occupying. At strategic times we have to think of the bigger picture. I cannot sit here and downplay the impact an armed take-over could have if for instance the Paiute people who have original claims to the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge and much more would join the armed struggle with the militias agreeing to advocate for their claims where there could be agreement.

Iron Eyes lays out a strategy here that is a true threat to the system’s hold on our lands. Too often we make racism our #1 enemy, and side with the greater threat of the United States’ global, corporate oligarchy by criticizing popular dissent that doesn’t come in our favorite flavor. The US is moving away from racism and Manifest Destiny as it’s legitimizing ideology and is attempting to forge a shallow, multicultural identity for all Americans that is conveniently all inclusive now that it has a firm and unchallenged grip on it’s portion of the North American continent.

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Reading Through An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States: Multiculturalism

AnIndigenousPeoplesHistory

An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States. Photo: Vince Rinehart

I’ve finally picked up Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz’s book, An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States. The book is an attack on the legitimizing ideology and narrative of the United States’s subjugation of the indigenous people of North America. Though I have only just begun reading it, I am familiar with indigenous decolonization efforts and thought. Even in the little I’ve read so far, I am more than impressed with Dunbar-Ortiz’s critique of the founding myths of the US, which attempt to erase the deep and rich history of this continent and the Native peoples who have lived on it for millennia.

As I read through I will be recording some of my thoughts and highlights from the book, both as a way to remember and to analyze what I’ve read. Maybe you’ll find this useful, or maybe it will just be a series of articles that I may reflect on myself.

The Introduction

Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism became the cutting edge of post-civil-rights-movement US history revisionism. For this scheme to work-and affirm US historical progress-Indigenous nations and communities had to be left out of the picture. As territorially and treaty-based peoples in North America, they did not fit the grid of multiculturalism but were included by transforming them into an inchoate oppressed racial group, while colonized Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans were dissolved into another such group, variously called “Hispanic” or Latino.” The multicultural approach emphasized “contributions” of individuals from oppressed groups to the country’s assumed greatness. Indigenous peoples were thus credited with corn, beans, buckskin, log cabins, parkas, maple syrup, canoes, hundreds of place names, Thanksgiving, and even the concepts of democracy and federalism. But this idea of the gift-giving Indian helping to establish and enrich the development of the United States is an insidious smoke screen meant to obscure the fact that the very existence of the oucntry is a result of the looting of an entire continent and its resources. The fundamental unresolved issues of Indigenous lands, treaties, and sovereignty could not but scuttle the premises of multiculturalism.

With multiculturalism, manifest destiny won the day.

pp. 5

I believe that Dunbar-Ortiz has identified a key shift in tactics in the United State’s claim to power and legitimacy. Originally manifest destiny was the belief system which legitimized expansion and colonization of indigenous lands. This fit well with the overarching narrative of the United States: pilgrims and outcasts from Europe escaped to the new world for religious freedom, carved out a living from the soil, threw off their old world tyrants and did God’s will by settling the rest of North America.

Over the past 200 years the US has had to integrate African slaves, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans and other Latinos of various nationalities, Native Americans, Chinese, Irish, Italians, and the peoples of hundreds of countries, ethnic groups and religions. Largely in a bid to quell internal dissent and legitimize its rule over this continent and it’s people, the US has revised it’s belief system to include these various groups. This belief system is backwards. In order for it to work we must:

  1. accept out of hand that the US and it’s colonial system are the legitimate rulers of this land and then
  2. convince ourselves that our history and it’s history are not at odds with one another, rationalize the violent occupation of indigenous lands and tell ourselves that the values the US claims to hold justify the predatory means by which it accumulates land, resources and power.

Rejecting this multicultural belief system is an uncomfortable proposition, because it undermines everything that the US has taught us through it’s school and media. Many of us are inclined to vote Democrat, support President Obama, and tell ourselves that the US and it’s democracy are the defenders of human rights in the face of racism and sexism. Still others of us are inclined to vote Republican, serve in the military (because our warriors defend our land, which is within US borders,) and tell ourselves that the US and it’s democracy are the defenders of human rights and all that is good in the world. None of this is true if you reject the assumption that the US and it’s colonial system are legitimate rulers of indigenous lands. Multiculturalism, democracy, unity for the sake of unity and even human rights are among the modern day equivalents of manifest destiny. These are the values and beliefs that the US uses (or co-opts) to legitimize it’s hold on Native lands, hoping that you’ll ignore the past 500 years of injustice. So long as we support any part of the US as the purveyor of these values then we are accepting the legitimizing ideology of a predatory, expansionist empire that started with forts in Indian Country.

Posted in Decolonization, Sovereignty | 2 Comments

Language matters: The alleged disappearance of Áak’w Kwáan, T’aaku Kwáan

From KTOO

What happened to the Áak’w Kwáan and T’aaku Kwáan? Did they all die of disease? Become assimilated? Move away?

A state researcher challenges the modern day, persistent narrative implying that local Tlingits seemed to have just vanished as soon as non-Native settlers arrived in the area.

Anastasia Tarmann with the Alaska State Library and Historical Collections explained her ongoing research during a session at “Sharing our Knowledge” clan conference held recently in Juneau.

“The stories that we tell ourselves, these interpretations, they reinforce or they cultivate relationships,” Tarmann said. “They can make relationships. Or they can just reinforce old messages. … They are our identities. And they also are possibilities.”

Tarmann pointed to recent interpretive signs for the new Brotherhood Bridge and the Auke Village Recreation Area as examples. The wording and the past-tense language implies that the Áak’w Kwáan either moved on from the area or abandoned their winter village early last century.

Tarmann highlighted the Brotherhood Bridge sign: “It says, ‘Although changes in Áak’w Kwáan lifestyle occurred, they continued to live in their traditional homeland.’ That bothers me. I’m sure it bothers you.”
Then, for the Auke Village sign, Tarmann noted: “By 1900, most of the Natives had moved to Juneau to work in the mines, and by 1926 all structural remains of the village were gone.”

“It’s like Áak’w history is a preface to Western history,” Tarmann said.
In Berners Bay, the forest was clear cut by gold miners in the area.
In 1962, Douglas Village Natives were forced from their homes without compensation and the village was burned down while many villagers were at their fish camp on the Taku River. The City of Douglas seized the land for a harbor project.

There’s an old saying that history is written by the victors, or the occupiers. Based on Western ideology and values, Tarmann said it seems that local history really didn’t start until after the United States took possession of the territory and the Gold Rush started. Does morality and virtue really only begin with Western civilization?

Posted in Decolonization | 2 Comments